Retina
Understanding the Screen Behind Your Vision
What is the Retina?
The retina is a thin, light-sensitive layer of tissue located at the back of the eye. It plays a crucial role in vision by capturing light and sending signals to the brain, allowing us to see objects and images.
FAQs
- Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) - Mild, moderate, or severe stages of retinal damage.
- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) - Characterised by abnormal blood vessel growth.
- Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) - Swelling of the macula, leading to vision loss.
- Grade 1 - Mild arteriolar constriction
- Grade 2 - Moderate arteriolar constriction with focal narrowing.
- Grade 3 - Severe arteriolar constriction with generalized narrowing.
- Grade 4 - Severe arteriolar constriction with signs of papilledema.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
Blockage of the central retinal artery, causing sudden vision loss.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
Blockage of the central retinal vein, leading to retinal hemorrhages and sudden vision loss.
- Lattice Degeneration - Areas of retinal thinning and holes, predisposing to retinal tears.
- White with Pressure - Whitening of the retina due to mechanical compression.
- White without Pressure - Whitening of the retina without compression, indicating ischemia.
- Rhegmatogenous RD - Caused by a retinal tear or hole.
- Tractional RD - Caused by scar tissue pulling on the retina.
- Exudative RD - Caused by fluid accumulation under the retina.
Vitreous hemorrhage involves bleeding into the vitreous gel, often due to diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, or vascular diseases.
A macular hole is a defect in the center of the macula, leading to distorted or blurred central vision.
CNVM involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina, leading to fluid leakage and vision loss.
Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It is a leading cause of vision loss in individuals over the age of 50.
Types of AMD
- Dry AMD (Non-neovascular AMD)
- Wet AMD (Neovascular AMD)
Diagnostic Tools & Treatment
Advanced diagnostic tools such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machines and laser instruments aid in the management of retinal diseases by providing detailed images of the retina and guiding treatment decisions.
Blood Investigations include
A monoclonal antibody fragment that binds to and inhibits VEGF-A, reducing vascular leakage and promoting regression of abnormal blood vessels.
A fusion protein that binds to VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF), providing potent and sustained inhibition of angiogenesis.
A full-length monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits all isoforms of VEGF-A, commonly used off-label for intravitreal injections due to its lower cost.
Treatment options include
Intravitreal Injections
Administration of medication into the vitreous cavity to treat conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.
Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agents are a class of medications commonly used in intravitreal injections to inhibit the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina. These medications help reduce vascular leakage and improve visual outcomes in various retinal diseases.
At Shriram Super Speciality Eye Hospital, our advanced diagnostic capabilities and expertise in vitreo-retina surgery, under the guidance of our vitreo-retina surgeon, ensure comprehensive care and optimal outcomes for patients with retinal diseases. If you experience any changes in your vision or have concerns about your eye health, schedule a consultation for personalised evaluation and treatment. Your vision is our priority, and we are dedicated to providing the highest quality care for your retinal health needs.